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901.
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.02.294
Background, Aim and Scope. To better address the requirements of the changing multilateral order, the United Nations Industrial
Development Organization (UNIDO) Cleaner Production Programme, in 2004, developed the new Sustainable Industrial Resource
Management (SIRM) approach. This approach is in accordance with the principles decided at the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. Unlike the traditional approaches to environmental
management, the SIRM concept captures the idea of achieving sustainable industrial development through the implementation
of circular material and energy flows in the entire production chain and reduction of the amount of material and energy used
with greater efficiency solutions. The SIRM approach seeks to develop new models to encourage a shift from selling products
to supplying services, modifying, in this manner, the supplier/user relationship and resulting in a win-win situation for
the economy and the environment. Chemical Leasing represents such a new service-oriented business model and is currently being
promoted by UNIDO′s Cleaner Production Programme.
Main Features. One of the potential approaches to address the problems related to ineffective use and over-consumption of
chemicals is the development and implementation of Chemical Leasing business models. These provide concrete solutions to the
effective management of chemicals and on the ways negative releases to the environment can be reduced. The Chemical Leasing
approach is a strategy that addresses the obligations of the changing international chemicals policy by focusing on a more
service-oriented strategy. Mexico is one of the countries that were selected for the implementation of UNIDO's demonstration
project to promote Chemical Leasing models in the country. The target sector of this project is the chemical industry, which
is expected to shift their traditional business concept towards a more service and value-added approach. This is being achieved
through the development of company specific business models that implement the above-indicated Chemical Leasing concept with
the support from the Mexican National Cleaner Production Centre (NCPC).
Results and Conclusions. The implementation of Chemical Leasing in Mexico has proven to be an efficient instrument in enhancing
sustainable chemical management and significantly reducing emissions in Mexico. Several companies from the chemical industrial
sector implement or agreed to implement chemical leasing business models. Based on the positive findings of the project,
several Mexican companies started to negotiate contents of possible Chemical Leasing contracts with suitable business partners.
The project further aimed at disseminating information on Chemical Leasing. It successfully attracted globally operating companies
in the chemicals sector to explore possibilities to implement Chemical Leasing business models in Mexico. At the international
level, the results of the UNIDO project were presented on 20TH September 2005 during a side event of the Strategic Approach
to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) Preparation Conference in Vienna.
Recommendations and Outlook. To facilitate the promotion and application of Chemical Leasing project at international level,
UNIDO is currently developing a number of tools to standardize Chemical Leasing projects. These include, among others, Chemical
leasing contract models; Chemical Leasing data base to find partners for chemical leasing; and guidelines to implement Chemical
Leasing projects and work programmes. 相似文献
902.
酵母生物转化生产2-苯乙醇的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
主要论述了利用酵母菌生物转化合成天然2苯乙醇的研究进展,从应用微生物学的角度介绍了2苯乙醇生产菌株的筛选,分析了2苯乙醇合成过程中几方面因素的影响和培养条件的选择,并对产物原位转移技术作了简要说明.并从分子生物学的角度出发,对生物转化的重点途径———艾利希途径在基因水平上作了诠释,且例举了利用从头合成途径进行的基因工程育种,旨在为利用微生物生产2苯乙醇的研究开发提供参考.图1参40 相似文献
903.
904.
1998年长江大洪水与大气环流和海温异常分析 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
概述了引起1998年长江大洪水的雨情,从天气气候角度分析了1998年长江流域降水异常偏多的原因。指出了最直接的原因是副高移动的反常,特别7月15日以后副高突然南撤南海季风爆发晚,南亚和东亚季风强度偏弱、夏季赤道辐合带偏弱热带地区台风生成少、生成时间晚, 相似文献
905.
906.
利用薄膜梯度扩散(DGT)原位采样装置获取了骆马湖全湖8个典型湖区泥-水界面(SWI)活性磷(P)、铁(Fe)、硫(S)垂向分布信息,据此定量估算三者交换通量.结果表明,骆马湖沉积物剖面P、Fe、S浓度范围分别为0~2.05,0~11.10和0.01~0.63mg/L,并在微小尺度呈高度空间异质性.在水平方向上活性P、Fe主要表现为西北湖区高于东南湖区,而活性S则未表现出明显的分布规律;就垂直剖面而言,活性P、Fe、S自界面向下呈升高趋势,并在60mm深度内出现峰值,且活性P和Fe剖面呈明显的同步变化特征;活性P、Fe在多数点位具有显著的正相关性(r>0.65,P<0.01),且各采样点沉积物中的总铁与总磷比值[w(∑Fe)/w(∑P)]均高于15,这表明Fe的地球化学循环过程对于骆马湖内源磷释放起重要控制作用;8个采样点样品中活性P、Fe、S交换通量分别为0.066~0.698,1.671~5.592和0.007~0.071mg/(m2·d),表明P、Fe、S由沉积物向水体释放.西北湖区表现出较高的P通量和活性P浓度,这可能会增加南水北调过程中水质污染的风险,应予以重视.以上结果支持了P、Fe耦合释放机制,明确了骆马湖SWI的活性P、Fe、S迁移特征. 相似文献
907.
山东省潍坊市冰雹灾害发生规律及防灾措施 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
根据1991~1995年的气象观测资料,对滩坊市近期冰雹灾害发生规律进行了分析,同时提出了预防冰雹灾害的措施,着重指出了利用高炮和火箭防雹的科学性和可行性。 相似文献
908.
909.
在向无铅化过渡的过程中,封装材料与工艺改变所带来的最突出的问题之一就是无铅焊点的可靠性问题。由于焊点区非协调变形导致的热疲劳失效是电子封装焊点的主要失效形式。到目前为止,仍无公认的焊点寿命和可靠性的评价方法。本文采用统一型粘塑性本构模型描述SnAgCu焊点的变形行为,在对焊点可靠性分析的基础上采用基于能量的寿命模型进行焊点寿命预测;在有限元方面采用子模型的处理技术,并采用节点平均化以及体积平均化方法计算寿命模型相关参数。力图从理论方面和有限元处理技术方面改进以达到提高焊点寿命预测效率及预测精度的目的。 相似文献
910.
This article is based on an international comparative study analysing innovations in national administrative institutions.
Results of that research are presented and discussed here. Against the background of the institutionalising process of political
institutions the study focused on innovations initiated or introduced by governments or parliaments by example of policies
and politics supporting sustainable development. The countries involved in the original study were Belgium, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Three general lessons can be drawn: (1) Countries with a
long tradition of integrated environmental policy-making are more open to the concept of sustainability. (2) A (institutional)
“cure-all” solution does not seem to exist. It seems necessary to diffuse the concept of sustainability into all spheres of
politics and society. Reaching this strategic goal requires a specific policy and polity mix. (3) Strong and well-equipped
institutions result from specific policies and politics: they play a central role in promoting and intensifying sustainable
development. Successful innovations integrating SD into everyday politics and policies are only a very first step though.
Further improvements with regard to effective participation and public debate, global orientation of policies and the measurability
of achieved progress are necessary. 相似文献